A National Insurance (NI) number is a unique personal reference that tracks your tax and National Insurance contributions throughout your working life. You need one to work legally in the UK, to claim most benefits, and to build entitlement to the state pension. NI numbers are issued by the Department for Work and Pensions and stay with you for life.
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Most UK-born residents are sent their number automatically just before their 16th birthday. Those who arrive in the UK as adults must apply through gov.uk; the application usually involves an identity check at a Jobcentre or by uploading documents online.
Failing to give your employer your NI number can result in too much tax being deducted under emergency PAYE codes. The exam may ask why you need an NI number, when it is issued, or which department issues it.
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